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黄循财：打击金融犯罪，重点是洗钱、恐怖主义融资_我的网站

A |     2024年6月26日，新加坡总理黄循财出席在新加坡滨海湾金沙举行的国际反洗钱金融行动特别工作组（Financial Action Task Force，简称FATF）全体会议。以下内容为新加坡眼根据国会英文资料翻译整理：反洗钱金融行动特别工作组（FATF）主席拉杰·库马尔先生，FATF代表团和观察员们，女士们、先生们，首先，让我向所有代表们热情欢迎您们来到新加坡。    

    Drivers queue at a petrol station to refuel in Tehran, on August 25, 2026. Photo: VCG
As military strikes and diplomatic negotiations have both failed to bring an early end to the roughly six‑month‑old US-Iran conflict, Washington rolled out new sanctions against Tehran on Monday local time intended to further strangle its economy. Iran, for its part, has vowed a tougher pushback.
In a news conference on Monday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent threatened new sanctions on countries refusing to cut economic ties with Iran, following recent rhetoric from Washington threatening an "economic D-Day" for Iran. 
Meanwhile, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) under the US Treasury announced secondary sanctions on nearly 60 entities, individuals, and vessels in multiple jurisdictions which, according to the US' claims, enable Iran's activities, including so-called nuclear and missile technology procurement, cyber operations, and oil-revenue generation networks.
According to Reuters, those sanctions targeted businesses in China, the UAE, Singapore and several other countries, including a cooking-oil refinery in France, but did not include any of the Chinese financial institutions suspected of facilitating Iran's oil trade.
In response to US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent laying out plans for economic asphyxiation of Iran, expanding Washington's secondary sanction threats and warning of dire consequences for countries that do not join the campaign, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said at a press briefing on Tuesday that China has made clear on many occasions its firm opposition to illicit unilateral sanctions that have no basis in international law or the authorization of the UN Security Council. 
"Economic warfare and maximum pressure provide no solution. On the contrary, they only serve to fuel tensions and lead to risk spillover, which will disrupt the global economic and financial order, and harm the legitimate rights and interests of other countries," the spokesperson said. 
The pressing task is to facilitate the deescalation of the situation and return to dialogue and negotiation as soon as possible, Lin said, adding that China will do everything necessary to firmly safeguard its rights and interests, Lin added. Lin also said China's cooperation with Iran is conducted within the framework of international law, thus should not be disrupted.
When asked whether China has received any such timeline, as the US stated it would give countries a timeline on when to shut down the actions that it has identified, and how China intends to respond to the relevant announcements by the US Treasury involving China-based entities and individuals, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian stated on Tuesday that China is closely following the developments, and will do everything necessary to firmly safeguard our rights and interests.
In May this year, China's Ministry of Commerce issued a blocking ban prohibiting any recognition, enforcement or compliance with US sanctions imposed on five Chinese companies on the grounds of their alleged involvement in Iranian petroleum transactions.
Relying on its financial hegemony and long‑arm jurisdiction, the US enforces unilateral sanctions with no basis in international law. Such measures severely undermine fundamental consensus for international trade and erode the existing international order, Zhou Mi, senior research fellow at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
In essence, Washington is imposing its Iran‑focused policies to enterprises across the globe, compelling third‑party actors to fall in line with its diplomatic objectives, Zhou noted.
The latest sanctions would affect a broader range of countries, industries and firms. They will not only draw wider opposition from the international community, but also boomerang on the interests of US‑owned enterprises, he added. 
Fewer levers left 
"We are launching an economic onslaught against Iran's financial connections around the globe," Bessent claimed at a press conference. "Our objective is to sever every economic lifeline" that sustains the country, he said, according to a Treasury release. 
The US Treasury Department said in a release that the new sectoral sanctions determinations target five critical sectors - digital assets, technology, gold, aviation and shipping - that the US claimed Iran has relied on to support its economy.
US Treasury claimed that "any entity that facilitates money laundering or sanctions evasion on behalf of Iran risks being cut off from the US financial system."
OFAC also suspended several general licenses that previously authorized certain remittance payments to Iran and Iranian access to the US cultural and academic system. The office also issued additional guidance on the so-called sanctions risks of bowing to Iranian demands related to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz.
Mohammad Mokhber, an aide to Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, said in an X post on Monday that Iran's response to US sanctions and pressure will be "more decisive than before."
Iranian Economy Minister Ali Madanizadeh said that Tehran "is and was ready," with a two-year plan to counter Washington's new sanctions. He told state television that "it seems they wished to suffer yet another defeat," per an AFP report. 
Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf responded in an X post that "the Americans know no one will believe their nonsense," noting that the US is not in a position economically to restrict its relations with other countries. 
Alan Eyre, a distinguished diplomatic fellow at the Middle East Institute, told NBC News that after six months of combat, the US government "has few remaining levers it can use to convince Iran's major trading partners to materially reduce their economic ties."
While Washington's maximum‑pressure campaign may deliver short‑term shocks to Iran's economy, it can hardly "strangle" the country completely, said Liu Zhongmin, a professor at the Middle East Studies Institute of Shanghai International Studies University.
He added that Iran's economic resilience cannot be underestimated. Having borne decades of crippling sanctions from the US and Western nations, Tehran has built substantial experience in sanction‑busting and developed coping mechanisms ranging from basic‑industry self‑reliance and regional trade networks to oil‑for‑goods swaps and non‑US dollar‑denominated trade. Furthermore, the Strait of Hormuz remains a source of strategic leverage for Iran to push back against US pressure.
The expert said that Tehran and Washington are encountering "a battle of wills," and Iran believes the economic costs the US would suffer from a Hormuz blockade would outweigh the damage inflicted on Iran by sanctions.
Washington's "economic strangulation" policy risks ending in failure unless it yields short‑term outcomes, particularly securing the opening of the Strait of Hormuz, Liu added. 
Self-created dilemma
As the US ramps up pressure on Iran, Americans are growing averse to a protracted war.
According to a Reuters/Ipsos poll that closed on Monday, US ‌public approval of the war with Iran fell to its lowest level since the conflict's early days, with just 31 percent of Americans supporting US military action.
On June 18, the US and Iran signed an MoU, under which the two were scheduled to hold negotiations within a period of 60 days, which ended on August 17, to reach a final agreement. However, the talks' fate remains unclear following renewed escalation between the two countries.
Iranian political analyst Mostafa Khoshcheschm told Al Jazeera that the new US sanctions intended to create an "economic onslaught" were a "political show" of intimidation. 
Liu said that by resorting to an "economic strangulation" tactic after miring itself in a fruitless military quagmire over Iran, the US has laid bare its practical predicament and strategic dilemma, and seemingly running out of cards.
Citing sources, CNN reported earlier this month that the US military has exhausted nearly 80 percent of its interceptors for a key missile defense system as senior US military commanders are warning that the Pentagon's munitions stockpile is "dangerously low."
Faced with depleted ammunition stockpiles and insufficient military‑industrial capacity, and amid growing domestic criticism of its Middle East policy, the White House has opted for tough economic measures against Iran, Liu said. "Less costly than military coercion, such moves help Washington strike a tough posture before voters and shun political risks from further military escalation," said the expert.
There is, however, an increasingly obvious paradox in Washington's economic warfare against Iran: the tighter the sanctions, the tighter global energy supplies become, and the higher costs borne by American consumers and businesses, the expert added. 
。今年是FATF成立35周年。我想借此机会祝贺FATF达到这一重要的里程碑。FATF最初由16个成员国组成，旨在阻止毒品贩子和卡特尔组织洗钱其非法获利。如今，FATF已成为一个全球性组织，其职责范围更广。FATF制定的标准被200多个司法管辖区使用，用于打击洗钱、恐怖主义资金筹集和扩散融资。这些努力确保了全球金融系统的安全和完整性，使世界变得更加安全。新的威胁虽然我们取得了进展，但犯罪分子始终在寻找机会和漏洞来利用。打击金融犯罪是一场持续的战斗，我们必须保持警惕，并不断优化以应对新的威胁。近年来，电子交易的兴起使得购买和销售商品和服务变得更加便利。但这也为犯罪分子提供了新的机会，例如进行诈骗等犯罪行为。虚拟资产的出现和数字支付渠道的增加，使得犯罪分子更容易移动和隐藏其非法所得。

B | 他们能够跨越国界进行操作，并利用国家执法机构之间存在的信息孤岛。

C | 没有任何一个国家可以单独解决这些威胁。

D | 这就是为什么FATF在领导协调全球努力方面变得更加重要的原因。

E | 在这方面，我很高兴看到FATF在近年来在应对这些挑战方面取得的进展。首先在拦截非法资金方面取得成就或进展。根据国际刑警组织（INTERPOL）的数据，每年约有2到3万亿美元的非法所得通过全球金融系统流动。其中只有极小部分犯罪资产被拦截和追回，这意味着犯罪分子往往能够逍遥法外，并且从他们的犯罪中获得丰厚的利润。为了解决这个问题，FATF已经修订了其标准，以增强国际合作，例如要求各国承认并执行彼此关于没收资产的法院判决。FATF还与国际刑警组织合作，汇集行业专家和决策人，讨论资产追回的最佳方式，并加强执法、金融情报单位和决策人之间的合作。在提升全球资产追回的努力中，现在还处于早期阶段。根据INTERPOL最新的数据显示，从非法资产的追回率已经有所改善。十年前不到1%，今年达到了约3%。虽然3%仍然偏低，我们需要做得更好。

F | 但至少我们正在朝着正确的方向前进，未来可以朝着更高的追回率努力。近年来，FATF取得的第二项成就是改善法定实体（如公司和信托）的透明制度，这些实体可能被用来隐藏犯罪活动。特别值得注意的是，FATF已更新其标准，要求披露额外的信息，使执法机构能够更好地识别这些实体背后的真实所有者。

G | FATF取得的第三项成就是找出打破信息孤岛的方法。执法机构和私人金融机构会希望在涉及其来源和客户信息方面设置保障措施。然而，这些保障措施形成了犯罪分子可以利用的信息孤岛，以掩盖其行踪。为解决这一问题，FATF建议在可接受的监管框架内，执法机构与金融机构之间以及私人金融机构之间分享信息的方式。新加坡支持这些努力，因为我们已经看到了打破这些信息孤岛带来的好处。今年早些时候，新加坡的中央银行——新加坡金融管理局，推出了一个平台，让私营金融机构能够安全地共享红色信号客户的信息。这使它们能够更好地检测犯罪网络和活动。新加坡警察部队成立了一个反诈骗中心，执法机构、主要银行和在线电子商务平台的官员在同一地点共同办公，促进实时协调，追踪可疑资金流动并冻结非法资金。我们已经看到了这些举措带来的积极成果。我们能够更早地检测到欺诈行为，并为受害者追回更多的资金。

H | 新加坡的承诺通过FATF及其合作伙伴的共同努力，我们在全球范围内在打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义方面取得了进展。但全球打击金融犯罪的成功也取决于各国政策的有效实施。新加坡作为一个国际金融和商业中心，我们意识到国家面临着更大的洗钱和资助恐怖主义风险。但我们决心采取必要的措施来应对这些风险，并维护新加坡作为一个信誉良好的金融中心的声誉。为此，我们不断审查和加强我们的法律框架，使其符合FATF的标准。在过去几年中，我们已经加强了监管措施，增加了所有权的透明度；引入了新的法规；并加强了现有法律，以应对与虚拟资产、以及宝石和金属交易商有关的风险。我们还加强了法律，赋予我们的执法机构更多工具和权力，以追究、起诉和制裁洗钱犯罪者。

I | 我们已将资产追回作为国家反洗钱制度的重要事项。晚些时候，新加坡将发布有史以来的首个国家资产追回策略，该策略将阐明如何剥夺犯罪分子的非法资金和资产，消除犯罪分子在新加坡洗钱其非法所得的财务，并将这些资产归还给受害者。新加坡采取强硬措施打击金融犯罪。

J | 但是零容忍并不意味着零发生。即使是最严格的反洗钱制度也可能被犯罪分子所绕过，他们会不断寻找可以利用的漏洞。同样重要的是，我们的措施不要过于狂热，不要不必要地扼杀合法的活动和投资。因此，我们重点了解金融行业中可能被犯罪分子利用的最新趋势和发展，并制定工具和法律框架，能够尽早发现可疑人和活动。我们的方法能够迅速而有力地对试图利用新加坡洗钱的犯罪分子采取执法行动。去年八月，执法机构进行了全球规模最大的反洗钱行动之一。在我们发现违法活动迹象后，我们进行了广泛的调查。我们从27名嫌疑人那里查封了超过30亿新元的资产。自被逮捕以来，已有10名嫌疑人在一年内被判有罪。他们约9.4亿新元的资产已被没收归国家所有，这超过了我们从他们那里查封的资产的90%以上。对目前正在海外的另外17名嫌疑人的调查仍在进行中。从这次行动中获得的经验和教训将被用来加强我们的法规和执法工作。

K | 总结总结来说，新加坡荣幸地担任了过去两年的FATF主席国，并感谢所有代表团的支持。在过去两年里取得的成就，离不开大家对我们共同使命的持续承诺和对FATF工作的贡献。我相信，在即将上任的墨西哥主席国的领导下，金融行动特别工作组将继续取得重大进展，我们将着手进行即将举行的一轮相互评估，以帮助成员国在面对不断变化的威胁时加强其监管和执行机制。

L | 在此，祝愿您在新加坡举行的全体会议取得丰硕和富有成效的成果。以下是英文质询内容：Let me start by extending to all delegates a very warm welcome to Singapore. This year marks the 35th anniversary of FATF. I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate FATF on reaching this milestone.FATF was originally formed with 16 members to stop drug traffickers and cartels from laundering their ill-gotten gains.Today, it has become a global organisation with a wider mandate. The standards developed by FATF are used by over 200 jurisdictions to combat money laundering, terrorism financing and proliferation financing.Your efforts have ensured the safety and integrity of the global financial system and made the world a safer place.New ThreatsWhile we have made progress, criminals are always looking for opportunities and loopholes to exploit. The fight against financial crime is an ongoing battle, and we must stay vigilant and continually evolve to tackle new threats.In recent years, the rise of digital transactions has made it easier to buy and sell goods and services. But it has also presented new opportunities for criminals to commit crimes, like scams.The advent of virtual assets and increasing availability of digital payment channels have also made it easier for criminals to move and hide their illicit proceeds. They are able to operate across borders, and exploit the information silos that exist between national law enforcement agencies.No country can address these threats by itself. That is why the FATF’s work in leading a coordinated global effort has become more important. In this regard, I am glad to note the progress that FATF has made over the recent years in addressing these challenges.First, in the interception of illicit funds.According to INTERPOL, around US$2 to US$3 trillion worth of illicit proceeds are channelled through the global financial system every year. A very small fraction of these criminal assets is intercepted and recovered. Which means that criminals can largely get away with, and profit handsomely from their crimes.To address this, FATF has revised its standards to improve international cooperation, for example, by requiring countries to recognise and enforce each other’s court orders on the confiscation of assets.FATF also worked together with INTERPOL to bring operational experts and policymakers together to discuss best practices in asset recovery, and enhance collaboration between law enforcement, financial intelligence units and policymakers.It is early days in this drive to enhance global asset recovery. The latest figures from INTERPOL showed that recovery rate from illicit funds have improved. From less than 1% a decade ago, to about 3% this year. 3% actually is still low, we need to do better. But at least we are moving in the right direction, and we can aim for even higher recovery rates in the years to come.。

M |

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