一 | Are 3D mammograms better than standard 2D imaging for catching advanced cancers?A clinical trial is recruiting thousands of volunteers — including a large number of Black women who face disparities in breast cancer death rates — to try to find out.People like Carole Stovall, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., have signed up for the study to help answer the question.“We all need a mammogram anyway, so why not do it with a study that allows the scientists to understand more and move closer to finding better treatments and ways of maybe even preventing it?” Stovall said.The underrepresentation of women and minorities in research is a long-simmering issue affecting health problems including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and COVID-19. Trials without diversity lead to gaps in understanding of how new treatments work for all people. “Until we get more Black women into clinical trials, we can’t change the science. And we need better science for Black bodies,” said Ricki Fairley, a breast cancer survivor and advocate who is working on the issue.Black women are 40% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women and tend to be diagnosed younger. But it’s not clear whether 3D mammography is better for them, said Dr. Worta McCaskill-Stevens of the National Cancer Institute.“Are there populations for whom this might be important to have early diagnosis?" asked McCaskill-Stevens. "Or is it harmful,” causing too many false alarms or unneeded follow-up tests and treatments?McCaskill-Stevens, who is Black, leads NCI’s efforts to boost access to cancer research in minority and rural communities. She has joined the study herself.The newer 3D technique has been around for a decade, but there’s never been conclusive evidence that it's better than 2D at detecting advanced cancers. The screening technique combines multiple pictures of the breast taken from different angles to create a 3D-like image. Both 3D and 2D mammograms compress the breast and use low doses of radiation.Prior studies suggest that 3D finds more cancers than 2D, but catching more cancers doesn’t necessarily mean more lives saved. Some cancers missed by standard screening may not progress or need treatment. Previous studies did not randomly assign patients to a screening method, the gold standard for research.The notion “that if it’s new, it’s shiny, then it’s better,” isn’t necessarily true, McCaskill-Stevens said. “Until we have the evidence to support that, then we need well-designed randomized trials.”The trial has enrolled nearly 93,000 women so far with a goal of 128,000. The NCI-funded study is now running in Canada, South Korea, Peru, Argentina, Italy and 32 U.S. states. A site in Thailand will soon begin enrolling patients.“We added more international sites to enhance the trial’s diversity, particularly for Hispanic and Asian women,” said Dr. Etta Pisano, who leads the study. Overall, 42% of participants are Hispanic. As recruiting continues, enrolling Black women and other women of color will “absolutely” continue as a priority, Pisano said.Participants are randomly assigned to either 2D or 3D mammograms and are followed for several years. The number of advanced cancers detected by the two methods will be compared.At the U.S. study sites, 21% of study participants are Black women — that's higher than a typical cancer treatment study, in which 9% of participants are Black, McCaskill-Stevens said.The University of North Carolina has signed up more Black women than any other study site. Nearly a quarter of the nearly 3,000 women enrolled at UNC’s two locations are Black.“Women in North Carolina want to take part in something that’s bigger than them,” said Dr. Cherie Kuzmiak, who leads the UNC arm of the study. “They want this active role in helping determine the future of health care for women.”In Washington, D.C., word of mouth has led to successful recruiting. A chance encounter at her hair salon persuaded Stovall to join the research. While waiting for a hair appointment, she met Georgetown University cancer researcher Lucile Adams-Campbell. The two, both Black, started chatting.“She explained how important it was to get women of color into the program,” said Stovall, who jumped at the chance to catch up on her mammograms after the COVID-19 pandemic delayed screening for her and thousands of others.For Stovall, there was a personal reason to join the research. Her sister recently completed treatment for triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive type that affects Black women at higher rates than white women. Women ages 45 to 74 without a personal history of breast cancer are eligible for the study, which launched in 2017. Many women also are providing blood and cheek swab samples for a database that will be mined for insights.“It’s a dream that people had since the beginning of screening that we wouldn’t fit everybody into the same box,” Pisano said. The study's findings could “reduce disparities if we’re successful, assuming people have access to care.”Stovall, 72, had a brief scare when her mammogram, the traditional 2D type, showed something suspicious. A biopsy ruled out cancer.“I was extremely relieved,” Stovall said. “Everybody I know has heard from me about the need for them to go get a mammogram.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。
二 | 两度落后的红黑军团在下半场连入三球，最终以4-2逆转击败曼联。米兰新帅阿莫林收获执教球队的首场胜利，新援贡萨洛-拉莫斯单场踢出1球2助！对于两队而言，此战是新赛季前磨合检验战术体系的好机会。曼联这边采用4231阵型，卡里克派上库尼亚单箭头，身后是阿马德-迪亚洛、B费和多尔古。
三 | 米兰主帅阿莫林采用343阵型，贡萨洛-拉莫斯突前，阿尔法乔-西塞和洛夫图斯-奇克紧随其后。比赛开始后，曼联迅速进入状态，开场仅2分钟，B费送出角球助攻，马奎尔头球破门，曼联1-0领先！落后的米兰调整进攻节奏，第37分钟，拉莫斯送出横传，丘库埃泽轻松推射破门，米兰1-1扳平！第42分钟，蒂莱曼斯突入禁区被放倒，曼联获得点球机会，米兰门将托里亚尼成功扑出B费的点球！下半场易边再战，第51分钟，米兰后场出现配合失误，多尔古抓住机会得分，曼联再次领先，1-2！第57分钟，丘库埃泽边路送出精妙传中，阿尔法乔-西塞跟进破门，快速将比分再度扳平，2-2！第68分钟，丘库埃泽传中，贡萨洛-拉莫斯头球建功，米兰反超比分，2-3！紧接着第71分钟，贡萨洛-拉莫斯再次送出助攻，洛夫图斯-奇克冷静单刀破门，2-4！全场结束，米兰4-2逆转战胜曼联，队长莫德里奇捧起单场这场商业友谊赛Super Mecz（超级对决）的纪念冠军奖杯。在季前的第4场比赛，阿莫林终于收获带队首胜，在新赛季正式开始前体验了一把冠军的感觉！如果说曼联这场的表现在意料之中，那么米兰这边有点令人意外。尤其是今夏以7400万欧元转会费加盟的贡萨洛-拉莫斯发挥出色，支点对抗、门前终结、传球策应都在线，看不出是上赛季在巴黎踢不上主力的球员。曼联本场暴露出后场稳定性问题，取得领先后均未能守住优势，门前防守的注意力不够集中、攻防转换衔接较为拖沓。眼下距离英超新赛季开战仅剩一周，看来曼联的防守还有待进一步加强。虽说只是一场季前友谊赛，却给今夏完成阵容大换血的米兰带来良好的实战价值：新帅斩获执教开门红，重要新援表现亮眼。新的阵容与新的战术，球队在一场场比赛中不断磨合，新赛季的红黑军团值得期待！
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